What Do You Study in Photography?

Photography is not merely about clicking a button to capture a moment in time—it is an art form and a discipline that requires a deep understanding of both technical and creative aspects. A photography major allows students to hone their skills while exploring different genres of photography, mastering photo editing techniques, and delving into the historical significance of photography. In addition to these foundational aspects, students often have the opportunity to study related fields such as business, marketing, and film studies, which are crucial for those aiming to turn their passion for photography into a professional career.

Here, we provide a detailed breakdown of what students might study in a photography major, from core photography skills to specialized areas of study.

Core Photography Skills

A photography major typically begins with a focus on developing core skills that lay the foundation for students’ growth as photographers. These fundamental techniques are essential for anyone pursuing a career in the field, as they enable students to master the technical and creative aspects of photography.

Camera Operation

One of the first and most crucial aspects of photography is learning how to operate a camera. Students need to understand different types of cameras (such as digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras, mirrorless cameras, and medium-format cameras) and how to use them effectively. This includes becoming familiar with the settings, buttons, and menus on a camera. Students also learn about different lenses—such as wide-angle, telephoto, macro, and prime lenses—and how each one affects the composition and style of an image.

In addition to understanding the technical aspects of a camera, students learn how to choose the right camera settings for specific situations. This involves mastering key settings like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, which together determine the exposure, depth of field, and motion effects in a photograph. Knowledge of manual mode allows students to exercise creative control over their images, pushing them beyond automatic settings and allowing them to develop a personalized style.

Digital Photography

Digital photography is a cornerstone of modern photography, and a major in photography will delve deeply into the use of digital cameras and the digital workflow. Students are taught how to capture high-quality images using digital sensors and understand various image formats (such as JPEG, TIFF, and RAW) and their respective advantages and limitations.

Students also study how to manage and store digital images, as they quickly accumulate large amounts of data during the course of their studies. File management is crucial in the professional world, where photographers often deal with thousands of images. Digital photography courses teach students how to organize, catalog, and back up their work for easy access and security.

An essential aspect of digital photography is understanding image processing, especially post-production editing. Students learn to use professional software such as Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom to refine and manipulate their images, adjusting colors, contrast, sharpness, and other elements to enhance the image's impact.

Lighting

Lighting is one of the most important elements in photography. A photography major will teach students how to use various lighting techniques to illuminate their subjects effectively, whether they are shooting portraits, landscapes, or commercial products. Students learn the differences between natural and artificial light, and how to harness both to create visually stunning images.

They are introduced to lighting equipment such as flashlights, softboxes, reflectors, and strobes. Key lighting concepts like the “three-point lighting” system, backlighting, and rim lighting help students control shadows and highlight specific areas of their subjects. Understanding how to manipulate light can dramatically improve the quality of photos and can give photographers more creative freedom in their work.

For more advanced study, students may also explore specialized lighting techniques, such as high-key and low-key lighting, which can evoke particular moods or styles in their photographs. Additionally, students may be taught about lighting for different environments, from studio settings to outdoor shoots.

Photo Editing

Once an image is captured, it often needs to be edited to achieve its final form. In photography programs, students are extensively trained in photo editing software, with Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom being the primary tools of choice. Photo editing allows photographers to enhance images, correct imperfections, and create visual effects that were not captured in-camera.

Students learn various editing techniques such as cropping, color correction, retouching, and sharpening. They also explore creative editing methods, like adding special effects, filters, and textures to their photographs to achieve a specific artistic vision.

Through photo editing, students are encouraged to develop their own unique style by experimenting with different approaches to adjusting images. They learn how to balance technical editing skills with artistic choices to create images that resonate with viewers and effectively communicate the desired message.

Creative Techniques

Creativity is a hallmark of great photography. In a photography major, students are encouraged to think outside the box and explore different creative techniques and photography styles. These may include experimenting with abstract photography, long exposure, night photography, and photojournalistic styles. Creative assignments challenge students to push boundaries and expand their understanding of what is possible with a camera.

In addition to artistic styles, students learn about the importance of storytelling through photography. A key element of photography is capturing moments that communicate emotion, narrative, and context. Photography is more than just a visual medium—it can convey powerful stories and messages, whether through a single image or a series of images.

Historical and Conceptual Understanding

While technical skills are fundamental in photography, understanding the history and conceptual aspects of the art form is also crucial for students. A photography major usually incorporates courses that explore photography’s evolution and its place within the broader context of visual art and culture.

History of Photography

A history of photography course examines the origins of photography, starting with the invention of the daguerreotype in the 19th century to the rise of digital photography in the 21st century. Students study the key figures in photography, such as Ansel Adams, Dorothea Lange, and Henri Cartier-Bresson, and their contributions to the development of the art.

The course may also delve into the technical advancements that have shaped photography, including the shift from film to digital technology, the development of color photography, and the impact of mobile phones and social media on contemporary photography.

By understanding the history of photography, students gain a deeper appreciation for the medium and its role in documenting history, culture, and society.

Introduction to the Histories of Photography

Students may also take courses that explore the historical and conceptual significance of photography from different cultural, political, and social perspectives. This includes analyzing how photography has been used as a tool for communication, advertising, propaganda, and artistic expression. These courses help students develop a critical eye, allowing them to analyze photographs not just as images but as artifacts of history and culture.

Storytelling through Photography

Photography is often described as visual storytelling. In a photography major, students learn to use their images to tell compelling narratives, whether through a single photograph or a series of images that together communicate a theme or story. Photography programs emphasize the importance of creating images that evoke emotions, convey meaning, and engage viewers.

Whether photographing a wedding, a political protest, or a portrait, students are taught how to capture decisive moments that communicate powerful stories. Storytelling techniques are incorporated into practical assignments, where students may be tasked with documenting real-life events or creating thematic photo essays.

Practical Applications

Beyond the classroom, students in a photography major are encouraged to apply their skills through hands-on practice, internships, and personal projects. This practical experience allows them to refine their techniques and gain real-world experience.

Portfolio Development

A strong portfolio is essential for aspiring photographers. Throughout the program, students work on building a portfolio that highlights their best work and demonstrates their range and creative abilities. This portfolio serves as a personal showcase of their unique style and technical proficiency and is vital when applying for jobs or freelance opportunities in the photography industry.

Students learn how to curate their portfolios, selecting images that best represent their talents and photography vision. A portfolio is often the first impression that potential clients or employers have of a photographer, so crafting one that stands out is a key part of a photography major.

Commercial Photography

For students interested in working in commercial photography, specialized courses are offered that cover techniques and skills specific to this field. Commercial photography involves capturing high-quality images for advertising, branding, and product representation. Students learn to photograph products, food, real estate, and models, often working with clients or in simulated commercial environments.

These courses provide students with the tools and strategies needed to work in a professional photography setting, including how to understand client needs, adhere to deadlines, and produce visually appealing images that sell products or services.

Darkroom Photography

Although digital photography dominates the modern industry, many programs still emphasize traditional photographic techniques, including darkroom processes. Darkroom photography courses teach students how to work with film negatives, develop prints, and use chemicals to process photographs in a hands-on, analog manner.

This practice allows students to experience the tactile side of photography and gain a deeper understanding of the medium’s roots. Darkroom photography also fosters a sense of discipline and patience, as each step in the process requires careful attention to detail.

Digital Media

Students today must understand how photography fits into the digital landscape. Digital media courses teach the role of photography in today’s online and social media-driven world. Students learn about how to optimize images for different platforms, such as Instagram, Pinterest, or commercial websites. They also study digital marketing techniques and how to use photography to promote a brand or product.

Other Potential Areas of Study

A photography major often includes supplementary courses that enhance students' understanding of related fields. Some of these areas of study include:

Business Administration

Running a successful photography business requires knowledge of business operations, from finance to client relations. A photography major may offer courses in business administration, focusing on managing a photography business, budgeting, taxes, and legal considerations.

Marketing and Sales

Students can learn marketing techniques specific to the photography industry, including how to advertise their work, build a personal brand, and generate sales. These courses teach students how to market their services effectively and attract clients in an increasingly competitive market.

Film Studies

For students interested in expanding into film or video work, a photography major may include film studies courses. These courses introduce students to the world of cinematography and provide a foundation for working as a camera operator in the film industry.

Conclusion

A photography major offers a comprehensive education that blends technical skills with creative expression. From learning to operate cameras and master lighting to studying the rich history of photography and developing a personal style, students are equipped with the knowledge and expertise to succeed in the competitive world of photography. With courses in commercial photography, digital media, and business management, students are prepared not only to capture powerful images but also to build a sustainable career in the photography industry.